Saamaynta Photorefractive waa saldhigga codsiyada indhaha ee holographic, laakiin sidoo kale waxay keentaa dhibaatooyin codsiyada kale ee indhaha, sidaas darteed hagaajinta iska caabbinta sawir-qaadista ee lithium niobate crystal ayaa la siiyay fiiro gaar ah, oo ay ka mid yihiin xakamaynta doping-ka ayaa ah habka ugu muhiimsan.Si ka duwan doping-ka-hortagga sawir-qaadista, doping-ka-hortagga sawir-qaadista waxay isticmaashaa curiyeyaasha leh valent-ka aan isbeddelin si loo yareeyo xarunta sawir-celinta.1980-kii, waxaa la sheegay in iska caabbinta sawir-qaadaha ee saamiga sare ee Mg-doped LN crystal uu kordho in ka badan 2 amar oo baaxad leh, taas oo soo jiidatay dareen ballaaran.1990-kii, cilmi-baarayaashu waxay ogaadeen in zinc-doped LN uu leeyahay iska caabin sare oo sawir-qaadis ah oo la mid ah magnesium-doped LN.Dhowr sano ka dib, scandium-doped iyo indium-doped LN ayaa la ogaaday inay leeyihiin iska caabin sawir-qaadid sidoo kale.

Sannadkii 2000, Xu et al.ogaaday in saresaamiga Mg-dopedLNcrystal leh iska caabin photorefractive sare ee band muuqda hasWaxqabadka sawir-celinta ee ugu fiican ee UV band.Daahfurkaani wuxuu jabiyay fahamkaahiska caabin sawirqaade eeLNcrystal, iyo sidoo kale buuxiyey bannaan ee alaabta sawir-refractive codsatay band ultraviolet.Mawjada dhererka gaaban waxay ka dhigan tahay in cabbirka grating holographic uu noqon karo mid yar oo ka sii fiicnaan kara, waxaana si firfircoon loo tirtiri karaa oo lagu qori karaa shaaha iftiinka ultraviolet, oo lagu akhriyo iftiinka cas iyo iftiinka cagaaran, si loo xaqiijiyo codsiga firfircoonida holographic optics. .Lamarque iyo al.qaatay saresaamiga Mg-dopedLN crystal ay bixisay Jaamacadda Nankai oo ah sawir-qaadaha UVmaaddoiyo calaamadaynta laysarka laba-geesoodka ah ee barnaamijka la samayn karo iyadoo la adeegsanayo laba-mawjadaha iftiinka ee isku-xidhan.

Marxaladda hore, walxaha doping-ka-hortagga ah ee ka-hortagga sawir-qaadista waxaa ka mid ahaa curiyeyaasha kala-duwan iyo kuwa trivalent sida magnesium, zinc, indium iyo scandium.Sannadkii 2009, Kong et al.doping-ka-hortagga sawir-qaadista ayaa la sameeyay iyadoo la adeegsanayo tetracuriyeyaasha qaaliga ah sida hafnium, zirconium iyo tiin.Marka la gaaro iska caabin sawir-celin isku mid ah, marka la barbar dhigo curiyeyaasha doped kala duwan iyo trivalent, qaddarka doping ee walxaha tetradvalent waa ka yar yihiin, tusaale ahaan, 4.0 mol% hafnium iyo 6.0 mol% magnesium dopedLNcrystals waxay leeyihiin similariska caabin sawir celin ah,2.0 mol% zirconium iyo 6.5 mol% magnesium dopedLNcrystals waxay leeyihiin similariska caabin sawir-qaadaha.Waxaa intaa dheer, isku-dhafka kala-soocidda ee hafnium, zirconium iyo tiin ee lithium niobate waxay ku dhowdahay 1, taas oo aad ugu habboon diyaarinta crystals tayo sare leh.

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